Confronting Physician- Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: My Father’s Death” by Susan Wolf

In the article â€Å"Confronting Physician- Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: My Father’s death† by Susan Wolf, I would also be â€Å"forced to rethink my objections to legalizing assisted suicide and euthanasia†. (Wolf, 2008) I have never been put in this type of a situation where someone’s life depended on it. Having to make the decision to help someone move toward death sooner to ease the pain and suffering they are dealing with, is not something that can be taken lightly. Being left to make the final decision on ending someone’s life to help end their suffering can be completely hard to imagine doing. Watching someone suffer so much can also be very hard to endure. I have never been put in this type of situation and I hope I never have to but I am going to put myself in Susan Wolf’s place and give my point of view of the situation she was put in on such a big decision of a loved one. There are a lot of people who would rather end their life than continue to go on living with the pain and suffering they are dealing with. About three or four years ago, my father in law was suffering from Pulmonary Fibrosis, a lung condition that the tissues deep in the lungs become thick or scarred over time and some people would describe the lungs looking like honeycombs. He was diagnosed in 2000 and was only given about three years to live but lived for six. There were times he would say he â€Å"wishes there was a switch to turn off because he cannot take anymore of the suffering. † He was ready to end his life and the suffering but he kept going until November 15, 2008 when he passed away. He made sure that there was a do not resuscitate in place because he did not want to continue to suffer. Susan’s father’s physical health was declining and it was affecting his mental capacity as well.. She describes him as â€Å" a smart, savvy lawyer, the family patriarch. She could see his spark for life start to fade at the end when he could not even read or do the New York Times crossword puzzles he used to knock off in an hour, or even watch T. V. (Wolf, 2008) I would wonder how much worse this would become and how much longer he would have to live with the pain and the suffering of it all. It is not something I would want to endure myself. Susan’s father was ready to accelerate his departure and she wanted to consider the options and let him know his options as well. I would have done the same thing. Discuss the options available to make sure he gets what he wants. She was watching her father’s health dwindle so fast that she could ot let him continue to suffer anymore. Her father was the man who insisted that â€Å" he would want everything, even in a persistent vegetative state† (Wolf, 2008) was throwing in the towel and wanting to stop any more treatments and to further â€Å"accelerate† (Wolf, 2008) the process, had to be devastating reality that he had to face and something no one wants to face at all. There are a lot of people who think it is o. k. to assist with the ending of one’s life if the situation is right for it. There really is no way to tell if anyone wants to end their suffering unless there is written proof that they want to do so and have it signed and notarized by the patient. Everyone should have a say when it comes to our bodies especially if we are dying and suffering really bad. It will take the people speaking up and having their concerns heard before something can ever take place for people who are suffering very badly and do not want to suffer anymore. What about someone on life support that is in a lot of pain but cannot speak for their self? The decision is left to the families and sometimes the families opt to keep the person living even though that person may be in a world of pain but cannot speak for themselves. Then there are the ones that do take their loved one off of life support to stop the suffering. It is the same thing. Deciding what is right for the dying family member. It is a very tough decision to make just like it was for Susan Wolf in respecting her father and his wishes to just die and end the suffering. I do not think Susan made a wrong decision she help decide for her father. He was able to go naturally which she justified on her own level of moral. Assisted suicide is not a wrong choice if someone can no longer live with the pain and suffering they are enduring. It would be better to have paper work to prove this is what the person wants rather than the person taking their own life. I for one suffer on a daily basis with chronic pain that I cannot get diagnosed. There are days I am in more pain than I ever want to be and just want to end it for good but I am young and have four children and a husband I could not bear to leave behind. I deal with the pain and take medication to help keep it under control. I do hope that one day if it gets out of control, that I have the option to terminate my life if need be. The way I see it is no one should ever have to suffer. Everyone deserves to have peace and be peaceful in the end.ReferencesWolf, S. M. (2008). Confronting Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia:My Father’s Death. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com

An Explication of Beowulf’s Monologue About His Past

Katie Taylor EH 215 Volf 4 February 2013 Beowulf’s Past Beowulf is an epic poem that is filled with episodes and digressions that provide a better understanding of the poem as a whole. In one of the episodes, Beowulf speaks of his past, and the reader can learn about his upbringing as a child and how it has affected him as an adult. This monologue also gives some information about King Hrethel and his sons. The main purpose of this anecdote, however, is to describe how and when Beowulf began his career of combat and fame.Within Beowulf’s monologue, the author utilizes alliterations and kenning to help the poem flow and to emphasize the strength and valor of Beowulf as an epic hero. One such example is the kenning used at the beginning of the episode. It reads, â€Å"Beowulf, son of Ecgtheow, spoke†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2425). Instead of the phrasing reading â€Å"Beowulf spoke,† this phrase adds vigor to the beginning. It reinforces the idea that Beowulf is seen as an extremely powerful hero that can take on anything that comes his way as opposed to â€Å"just Beowulf. If â€Å"son of Ecgtheow† were not used, Beowulf would seem almost boring compared to the magnificent, heroic image that comes to mind when this phrase is employed. Alliteration is also used to allow the poem to flow and also to provide an interesting element to otherwise bland sentences. â€Å"While I was in his ward he treated me no worse as a wean†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is referring to King Hrethel’s â€Å"adoption† of Beowulf after his father died (2432).The repetition of the W sound allows easy movement through the story that Beowulf tells, and it keeps the reader interested in what is being said. Another example of alliteration is the lines 2479-2480: â€Å"My own kith and kin avenged these evil events, as everybody knows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Without any sound repetition, the reader would become bored with the story, but the author strategically places these examples of alliteration in the epic to provide more exciting details. Along with these rhetorical devices, this passage gives significant details bout Beowulf’s upbringing. The reader learns that Beowulf’s father Ecgtheow dies when Beowulf is only seven years old. King Hrethel takes him in, though, and treats him like one of his own sons. Later, the king’s oldest son Herebeald is accidentally killed by his younger brother Haethcyn. King Hrethel is so depressed that he lay down and dies from grief. Afterward, there is a battle between the Swedes and the Geats, in which Hrethel’s son Haethcyn, the new king, is killed in battle.Hygelac, the last son of Hrethel and now the new king of the Geats, gave Beowulf treasure and land for fighting alongside them. This battle seems to be one of the first that Beowulf participated in. He says, â€Å"I marched ahead of him [Hygelac], always there at the front of the line; and I shall fight like that for as long as I live†¦ † (2497-2499). After that first battle, Beowulf launched himself into a life of war and fame, constantly craving the recognition and treasures that came after a successful battle or killing.Beowulf’s monologue about his past allows readers into his mind so that they can understand why he fights the way he does and where he came from in the first place. Without this episode, the poem as a whole would suffer because there would be no back story to explain Beowulf’s desire to defeat monsters and achieve the fame that he thinks he deserves. Perhaps he is making up for the fact that his father died when he was so young: he is trying to live a life that would make his father proud that Beowulf was his son.

A Worn Path, An Analysis :: American Literature, Literary Analysis

I believe the conflict in the story is an internal one. I think it is the conflict between the old woman's will power and Mother Nature. She encounters many obstacles that would influence most people to give up but she has motivation to get her task done. These encounters include a bush catching onto her dress, a scarecrow frightening her and discouragement from a white man. She also had to climb hills, cross streams and crawl under barbed wire fences which is certainly not considered an easy task for an elderly woman.. If I was forced to deal with these obstacles I know that I would most likely have turned around but her will power was too strong to let Mother Nature win. I believe that the climax is on page 91 when Phoenix arrives at the town. "All right. The doctor said as long as you came to get it, you could have it." At this point I felt a huge sigh of relief because the conflict had officially been solved. Phoenix made a journey to get medicine that was necessary for her grandson and she finally got it! It is as though all of her hard work paid off in the end and as the reader I can feel the emotions of the elder woman. Although I feel as though there are many literary elements throughout this short story such as characterization and theme, I also feel as though symbolism is very important as well. First of all, I believe that the name Phoenix in itself is symbolic for the type of person the old woman truly is. A Phoenix is a mythological creature who dies in fire and rises from ashes only to be stronger. It is as though all of these hardships only make the old woman more determined to complete her journey successfully.

Beowulf and J.R.R. Tolkiens Lord of the Rings Essay

Beowulf and J.R.R. Tolkiens Lord of the Rings - Essay Example However, a deeper study on the two texts also exposes further the similarities in the characters and central themes of the stories. For one, the stories do not just depict collective struggles between good and evil but also the more complicated battle within the self, the internal contradictions within an individual. This may even be the pattern that is the most common of both Beowulf and Lord of the Rings. Tolkien’s first book, evil is presented as an external force and it takes solid determination from the side of the hero to battle this through physical means. Frodo is presented as just an innocent Hobbit who does not have any innate tendency to do evil and who treats evil instead as an external enemy just like other characters in Middle Earth. For the reader, identifying good and evil has been made simple through such a presentation, one that formulates the concept that battling evil is easy because it is an enemy that can be seen and detached from the self. It became conv enient for one mark Gandalf as good and Sauron as evil in Lord of the Rings just Beowulf is and Grendel respectively in Beowulf. However, in the succeeding books in the Lord of the Rings trilogy, the Tolkien began to describe more the internal struggles within. The typical good hero is presented as not really safe from temptations or from the urge to do evil too. The same thing happened in Beowulf when the lead character also experienced the contradictions between good and evil from within. In Tolkien’s book, even the innocent Frodo undergoes the difficulties of dealing the evil side of him that emerged when a ring was in his hand. At this point, the effect of both literary works on the readers is essentially the same. The reader realizes that battling evil and standing up for good is not that simple because evil can also arise from within, from one person’s mind and heart. Apparently, there seems to be a common theme between Tolkien’s story and Beowulf. However , it could not be discerned if the latter’s author really had this in mind, considering that Lord of the Rings is a reflection of Tolkien’s interpretation of Beowulf. It could be said that Tolkien stole the central theme of Beowulf in order to enhance his own literary creation. However, one may question how he actually wrote about Gollum’s character quite close to that of Grendel in Beowulf. Grendel is Cain’s descendant and, therefore, originated from humans despite his powers and great evil. Even Beowulf, whose strength is also remarkable, comes from the human race and therefore shares a common lineage with Grendel. This is not much different from the case of Lord of the Rings antagonist, Gollum. Gollum actually comes from the Middle Earth, with a Hobbit bloodline, particularly those of the Stoors. Frodo Baggins share a similarity with Gollum in this respect because he is the typical Hobbit himself. These specific depictions of common bloodlines and orig ins of characters representing opposite sides in the battle between good and evil emphasize further the theme that the struggle is not always external but internal too; that no one is absolutely free from evil tendencies. In Tolkien’s story, Sauron may be the epitome of evil but it is Gollum who represents best the tendency of Frodo to commit evil. In order to win against the evil represented

International Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Business - Assignment Example Jay Jays will expand its market by forming a strategic alliance with fashion outlets in UAE. Table of contents 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p 4 2.0 Project description and progress†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p 5 3.0 Business matching and networking†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p 5 4.0 Objectives of joint venture and strategic alliance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p 6 5.0 Scope of business interests and details of business prospect in UAE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p 7 6.0 Summary of opportunities and current business environment in UAE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p 7 7.0 Brief summary of doing business in UAE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....p 9 8.0 Lessons learnt†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p 10 9.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p 10 10.0 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p 12 International business 1.0 Introduction United Arab Emirates (UAE) joined the World Trade Organization in 1996 (Noack, 2007). UAE supports free trade and has maintained stable trade relations with most countries in the world. UAE has experienced high economic growth due to attractive business climate and its pos itioning as preferred international trade hub in the Middle East. UAE has world class airports and the busiest airports in terms of passenger traffic (Noack, 2007). More than hundred Airline Companies including British Airways, KLM, and United Airlines handle more than 50 million passengers that enter UAE years. Jebel Ali Port handles over 40 percent of cargo container and is served by more than 300 shipping companies (Noack, 2007). UAE has expanded its port facilities by 19 percent over the last few years. Several freed trade zones like Textiles and logistics in Jebel Ali Free Zone and Dubai Airport Free zone exist to serve the clothing industry (Durante & Boermeester, 2011). For instance, Dubai is the regional hub for investment in commodities like precious metals, fashion jewelllery and pearls that account for about 30 percent of UAE non-oil foreign trade. The financial markets are highly developed with many foreign banks entering the markets thus making UAE a Forex and Derivativ es hub (Noack, 2007). This paper will analyze the international business environment in UAE. The paper will describe how Jay Jays can form strategic alliances with companies located in UAE through networking with companies in the clothing industry in UAE. The paper will discuss the business prospects in UAE and opportunities currently in the clothing industry in UAE. The paper will offer the advantages of doing business in UAE and recommendations for international businesses willing to venture in UAE. 2.0 Project description and progress Jay Jays is a fashion company that targets mainly the youth. The company is headquartered in Richmond, Australia and has branches in all major cities in the country and also New Zealand. The company philosophy is â€Å"freedom of expression† while the motto is to provide something new and fun. The company strength is its energetic and friendly staff that encourages the youth to push beyond the boundaries in their casual wear. The company offe rs pocket-friendly products like surf styles, casual basics, street wear and accessories. Jay Jays brand strives to be energetic and valuable clothing outlet. Jay Jay’

NY Safe Act Potential Impacts on Juvenile Offenders and Community Essay

NY Safe Act Potential Impacts on Juvenile Offenders and Community - Essay Example The Juvenile Justice System (JJS) refers to a group of juvenile courts in any given country. The juvenile court which is also referred to as the offender’s courts is mandated with the passing of judgments for any crime which young children commit. Many JJS especially in the New York are meant for the rehabilitation of the young children instead of imprisonment http://open.nysenate.gov/legislation/bill/s2230-2013. Though the JJS provides a place for the juveniles to correct their behaviors, through rehabilitation, the Act has a lot of effects on juvenile offenders, their families, community safety and the mental health practice. One of the impacts of the law or Act on juvenile offenders is that they would get to know their mistakes and thereby correct them. By punishing the young ones, they would be affected mentally, but as per the court stipulations, they should first be given advice as to why they are in court and how their behavior should be corrected (shoemaker 2009). The families of the juveniles would also be affected by the law. One of the effects to the families includes emotional stress, especially to the parents. On the other hand, the families can also appreciate for the corrective behavior that their children would adopt. Though many parents of the juvenile offenders would not appreciate the corrective behavior offered to their children, some would appreciate since their lifetime behavior would also change (Wheeler 1978). On the impact on the community, there would be improvement on the safety of the community at large since even the children form part of the community. There would also be a reduction of the number of crimes and this would also serve as a lesson to the other young children in the community. The passing of laws against the juvenile offenders would also have some effects on the mental health practice in the New York. For one, the mental health practice has

Australia Destination Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Australia Destination Analysis - Essay Example The same year had a record of overseas arrivals that is 5.9 million visitors came to the country (Australian Bureau of Statistics). There are many famous tourist destinations in Australia some of which include the cities of Melbourne and Sydney, Queensland, the Great Barrier Reef which is the largest reef of the world and the Gold Coast. Other popular tourist spots are Uluru, Tasmanian wilderness and the Australian outback. One must not forget that tourism and a country’s transportation are strongly interlinked since tourism is all about travel. Thus it is imperative that due attention is given to the transport system of a country so tourism can expand. There are several modes of transport in Australia out of which road travel is most common. There are over three hundred airports and an extensive rail network. You can choose to travel by road that is by a bus or coach or travel by train which is quite a convenient plus affordable means of transport in Australia. You can also opt for ferries such as the Sealink ferries or the ferry service run by the Spirit of Tasmania. The government has paid a lot of attention in developing the best transport system which is a reason why tourism is a great experience in Australia. The success of the tourism industry also lies in the fact that a lot of marketing is done in order to promote tourism. There have been several tourism campaigns that have aimed at the laid back style of the country. These include the advertising campaign of the 1980s that featured actor Paul Hogan saying "Ill slip an extra shrimp on the barbie for you" and the divisive campaign in 2006 that was done in UK. It used the Australian colloquialism phrase "So where the bloody hell are you?" In 2009 the federal minister of tourism launched another marketing campaign ‘No Leave No Life’ that encouraged employees to take their annual leaves in Australia. The most recent tourism promotion ‘There’s Nothing like

Global finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global finance - Essay Example The stock price of Lloyds Banking Group (UK: LLOY) has dropped by as much as ?10 per share over the past 2 months. Ignoring the minor increase in the stock price during the first week of July, this decline has been gradual over this period. The share price has dropped consistently during recent months due to a number of reasons that will be elaborated below. These trends also fall in line with some of the observations made during the beginning of the sample period based on macroeconomic trends in the UK and Europe in general (Desai, 2011). Based on information on other players in the banking sector, Adams (2011) says that most banks have been performing below their book values due to the longstanding negative sentiment in the financial markets over the stability of these banks. At a time when the world is just starting to recover from the 2008 global financial crisis, investors are reluctant to place their money on this sector, especially in favor of the bigger banks (Brown, 2010). T hus, a major factor inhibiting the growth of the share price is the current sentiment over liquidity concerns and debt quality within banks. Thus, the current stock scenario reflects the short term outlook of the investors.

Ethics, 2 questions assigned each answer is 3 pages about the book Essay

Ethics, 2 questions assigned each answer is 3 pages about the book Ishmael by Daniel Quinn - Essay Example hat his or her cultural perspective is indifferent towards saving the world because perhaps he or she does not see any problem with the world as it currently is. Quinn uses a pantheists approach by using a gorilla, who is non-human to effectively criticize human civilization without the risk of looking or sounding hypocritical. Ishmael is endowed with abilities that are uncommon in non-human beings, these include attributes such as intelligence, ability to communicate through speech and understand human being’s speech patterns in communication. In addition, Ishmael has a profound understanding of the imperfections of human beings, his or her existing culture and solutions to these problems. The gorilla’s cultural identity as a captive to human beings provides him a distinctive perspective to the human condition of captivity. According to Ishmael, human beings are as much captives of their own civilization as gorillas are to the same human beings. This is because contemporary human beings’ cultural mindset coerces them to destroy the world they live in in order to sustain a comfortable life by their standards. Ishmael pokes fun into human beings for their destruction of the very environment that they depend on; Ishmael’s captivity enhances his ability to portray human beings as captives to their own way of survival (Ishmael, p. 15-17). The aggravation that gorillas experience through human beings’ destruction of the natural world, results in rapid loss of gorilla’s natural habitat. Ishmael’s advertisement in the newspaper sought students willing to embrace change in their cultural mindset to one that is ready to embrace new environmental laws which will protect the environment and by extension gorillas’ natural habitat. He seeks people who recognize that recycling such as newspaper recycling is paramount to solve the problem of environmental degradation. In his dialogue with the protagonist, Ishmael brings out human beings’ apathy towards issues

Importance of Education Essay Example for Free

Importance of Education Essay The history of humankind is a history of progress; generations of our ancestors collected their experience, passed it to the next generation and as such were able to pass their knowledge to us. Education is the engine that moves mankind ahead, we enjoy the fruits of progress not only because the previous generations studied well but also because they passed their knowledge to us. In today’s world, driven by technology and forces to turn it into a global village, getting education is the best way to improve oneself. Studying is the best way to receive knowledge. Human knowledge collected over the generation is passed to us by teachers. Our school curriculum is structured to give us a wide breadth of information, some of this information appears to be useless but contrary to this view, this knowledge broadens our mind. An educated person critically thinks make decision and conclusions. Higher education, for instance, getting a degree helps one develop a character. In studying, we in addition to getting education are able to improve our characters. University is a social set up where we socialize, improve our communication skills and even learn how to speak in public. School set up teaches us to be responsible, persistent and assiduous. In the modern world, no career is possible without education. Not matter the devotion, desire and passion, without proper education there is no job for you. We need documented proof of our abilities to fit in the current job market. Education gives the back ground of the previous innovations without which one can hardly bring in a new idea in the world. To conclude, it is in getting education that we are able to improve our characters and state of our mind. We too become confident and more prepared to face the future. Khan sees education as knowledge of putting one’s potential to maximum use, which I totally agree with (2007).

Risk Behaviours of Cardiovascular Diseases Study

Risk Behaviours of Cardiovascular Diseases Study Title of the Study To identify the prevalence of ineffective physical activity and unhealthy dietary pattern among MSc Nursing students; could lead to cardiovascular diseases. Significance of the Research Problem Global Burden of Cardio Vascular Diseases: There are many risk factors associated with coronary heart disease. Some risk factors such as age, ethnicity and family history, cannot be changed. Additional risk factors that can be treated or changed which include tobacco exposure, hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, unhealthy diets, and harmful use of alcohol. In terms of attribute global deaths, the leading CVD risk factor is raised blood pressure 13%, tobacco use 9%, raised blood glucose 6%, physical inactivity 6 % and overweight and obesity 5% (World Health Organization, 2012). Low- and middle-income countries are disproportionally affected: over 80% of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries and occur almost equally in men and women (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). The number of people, who die from CVDs, mainly from heart disease and stroke, will increase to reach 23.3 million by 2030 (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, diabetes and raised lipids. Cardiovascular diseases and Ineffective physical activity: Insufficient physical activity is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality. People who are insufficiently physically active have a 20 to 30 percent increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to those who engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week. In 2008, 31.3% of adults aged 15 or older (28.2% men and 34.4%) were insufficiently physically active. Cardiovascular diseases and unhealthy dietary patterns: Approximately 16 million and 1.7 million of deaths worldwide are attributing to low fruit and vegetable consumption (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). Frequent consumption of high-energy foods, such as processed foods that are high in fat and sugar, promotes obesity compared to low-energy foods. Adequate consumption of fruit and vegetables reduces the risk of Cardio Vascular Disease. A healthy diet can contribute to a healthy body weight, a desirable lipid profile and a desirable blood pressure (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). Risk Behaviors The vulnerable populations of MSc Nursing students are at high risk of developing such risky behaviors that might endanger their own lives. Although, the above behaviors are modifiable but due to shortage of time and increase load of studies, students are seems careless of their diets and physical activity. Purpose The purpose of this study is to look for the two main risk behaviors of cardio vascular diseases among MSc Nursing students. These are: Ineffective physical exercise. Unhealthy diet. Research Questions What is the prevalence of ineffective physical activity among MSc Nursing students? What is the Prevalence of unhealthy dietary pattern among MSc Nursing students? Target Population The target population for this study would be the existing students of, Masters of Science in Nursing of the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design This would be a descriptive cross sectional study design. Key Study Variables The key variables of the study would be ineffective physical activity and unhealthy diet. Operational Definitions of the Study Variables Ineffective Physical Activity Ineffective physical activity can be defined as ‘less than five times 30 minutes of moderate*activity per week, or less than three times 20 minutes of vigorous activity** per week, or equivalent(Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). *Moderate activity level Your heart beats faster than normal; you can talk but not sing. Examples include fast walking, aerobics class, doing weights, or swimming gently. **Vigorous activity level Your heart beat increases a lot; you can’t talk or your talk is broken up by large breaths. Examples include jogging, running, basketball, or hiking up a steep hill (World Heart Federation Organization, 2014). Unhealthy Diet: High dietary intakes of saturated fat*, trans-fats** and salt, and low intake of fruits, vegetables and fish (white meat) are linked to cardiovascular risk (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). *Saturated fats found primarily in animal sources including red meat and whole milk dairy products. **Trans fats found in vegetable shortenings, some margarines, crackers, candies, cookies, snack foods, fried foods, baked goods, and other processed foods made with partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (World Heart Federation Organization, 2014). Hypothesis There is a prevalence of unhealthy diet among MScN students. There is a prevalence of ineffective physical activity among MScN students. Description of the Questionnaire A questionnaire is formulated to test the hypothesis under the light of the research question. The questionnaire comprises of the following three parts. Demographic information: The first part addresses the basic demographic information. The aim of acquiring the demographic information from the participants is to gather a baseline data about the key characteristics of the sample. Moreover demographic variables will be needed to assess the similarities and differences between the participants and characterize them accordingly. A total of 6 items are included in this section. The demographic characteristics included in the questionnaire comprises of name which is kept optional. The other components of this part include age, gender, ethnicity, family history related to (angina, stroke, diabetes, and kidney disorder), use of any medications, language, and family relationships. We make this form with the help of available literature and exclude other points like education level, because it is already known from sample. Physical Activity The second part consists of 12 items modified and derived from the Healthy heart questionnaire, which develops by Colorado Public Health Research. We modified it according to the developing country life style. We adopt the pattern of multiple choice and nominal scale for clarification of analysis (Colorado Public Health Research, 2010). For fulfilling the purpose we include the questions related to WHO definitions and for making user friendly, we have given the conceptual definition of the moderate, light and vigorous exercises in easy English words, and these definitions are also derived from American Heart Association guidelines. Dietary Pattern The third part of the questionnaire comprises questions related to dietary pattern. These questions are derived and modified from American Heart Association and American Nutrition guidelines. The scale includes; more than once a day, about once a day, 2-3 times a week, about once a week, 1-3 times a month, and less than once a month, for accuracy of the data of the nutritional status (Colorado Public Health Research 2010). Assumptions underlying the Statistical tests to be used The analysis of the data would be done through available valid statistical software like SPSS 19.0. For the purpose of analyzing the data three statistical tests would be applied in order to measure different levels of association between the key variables. The demographic information would be presented through descriptive statistical analysis (Beitz, 2008). This would include measures of central tendency like (mean, median and mode) to describe the overall demographic characteristics of the study population. Apart from the measures of central tendency, percent analysis (Beitz, 2008) would be used to determine the presence and overall prevalence of ineffective physical activity among study participants. Also percent analysis would be used to determine the unhealthy dietary pattern. In order to determine the association between various demographic variables like age, gender, height and weight of sample size individuals, univariate analysis would be used while determining that the obse rvations would be independent of each other. Population is normally distributed and assuming the homogeneity among the population variances (Bluman, 2011). Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis would be used to examine the strength and nature (positive, negative, inverse, none) of 2 variables of cardio vascular disease. With unhealthy dietary habit, keeping in mind the four assumptions of correlation i.e. the variables should be measured in interval and ratio scale, variables should have a linear relationship between the two, there, all significant outliers should be predicted and removed and the variables should be approximately normally distributed (Beitz, 2008). Effectiveness and Correctness of the Tool Pre –testing of the tool In order to test the effectiveness and correctness of the tool, the tool was pilot tested among three fellows from the MScN students from our class. The tool was distributed for filling the form. The feedback which was received from fellows is quite helpful .While testing the questionnaire; we identified a few components that needed to be modified. Firstly, they identified that in dietary pattern, if we add the instruction that tick the examples mention in bullets so it would be helpful to analyze that which type of ingredient is more common in our population. Secondly they suggest that the BMI should be added in the questionnaire with that feedback we respond that we asked in our questionnaire about weight and height which is equivalent to BMI therefore it was not added in the questionnaire. The feedback was taken as a positive critical reflection and first advice would be incorporated in the final questionnaire for the study purpose. Reflection Overall the questionnaire development was a stimulating and challenging task. The process of questionnaire development in itself is quite difficult as it requires researchers to critically analyze the hypothesis and research questions and formulate such questions that fulfill the overall inquiry of the subject understudy while excluding the unnecessary those details which are not suitable for developing country. In conclusion, the tool development task was a vigorous exercise that would help us to develop an effective tool for our thesis in particular. The pilot testing was an effective strategy to be kept in mind while developing the final tool. Acknowledgement We would like to thank Dr. Raisa Gul and Ms. Yasmin Parpio for their valuable support and guidance throughout the process of the questionnaire development. We would also like to acknowledge and thank all the three study participants who co-operated with us and provided us their valuable time and required data to test the questionnaire.

Citizenship :: Economics

Citizenship There are plenty of reasons for schools sending us to work experience. I believe that work experience gives us pupils a taste of the world of work. This would show and give the pupils a rough idea of how working life is. Also it will help them in the future on what they would be interested to achieve and what they would desire to be. In Kelmscott School they send us to work experience in Year 10. I worked in T.K. Maxx during my work experience. In my work experience I was an Associate. This meant I had to help do things around the building such as tagging, cleaning, tidying up and picking up stocks. The reason why I chose this job was because I wanted to learn new skills. The skills I hoped to acquire were to be punctual every day, work without supervision, work as a team member, and meet targets and deadlines and to use my time well so that the job gets done. Another reason why I chose this job was because of the location. It was near to my house. I chose this job in my school by doing a questionnaire first to help to identify areas of interest related to work. Then we had job categories where we were able to choose our placement from. I chose the job category Retail. These had jobs such as working in Sainsbury’s, HMV, and T.K Maxx etc. The job I chose made it suitable for me because I had personal qualities for instances I am a good communicator. I will have needed this because I had to speak to the general public. Also I am an excellent team worker so I will be able to work as a team member and work with others. In my work experience I hoped to achieve the following targets; to be able to arrive on time; to work as team member; to work without being supervised; to meet targets and deadlines and use the time well to complete the job told. During my work experience I did a number of different things. I was tagging nearly everyday. I had to tag things like clothes, shoes and other equipments. At first this was hard and I did a couple of items of clothing wrong, because I placed the tag in the wrong place. After a while I got used to it and according to my boss did an excellent job. I did 14 rails of clothes and I surpassed my target which was 10. After a day or two I started something different. I did what you call

Essay --

Robyn Hode Old English folklore dates back to the beginning of American literature. A protagonist among many, Robin Hood (Robyn Hode in Old English manuscript) is introduced into many books and playwrights. Some may argue that Robin Hood's strategies for balancing society were unethical, but this theory could be strongly argued against, and furthermore disproven. Robin Hood could be considered a hero because of his excessive generosity, his ability to see every person as an equal individual, and his overall success to better society. To accurately view Robin Hoods motives, one must look past the rules and laws set aside for the lower class made by â€Å"higher officials†, and understand that, even more so in a less developed time period, that right and wrong does not depend on what the rich and powerful say is right and wrong. Robin Hood looked past all of this, identified the true, moral decisions that needed to be made, and took charge. By doing so, and taking a small portion of the rich's wealth and distributing it among the poor, is considered (arguably) one of the most notable heroes of the folklore literary era. In all of the tales written of the infamous Robin Hood, the characteristics illuminated most is his excessive generosity. â€Å"Despite being declared an outlaw, Robin Hood is a good and generous person at heart, and is beloved by the townspeople for his deeds.† (Jurns) While thieving and causing (occasional) mishap, Robyn Hode kept one motive in mind, and that was to take from the undeserving, (fat and rich), and give to the needy, (the poor). This obviously biased by assuming that all the rich are greedy and all the poor are hopeless and deserving. In fact, in most cases people work hard fo... ...orth a sort of balance in society, one in which that needed to be presented. Because all the unfortunate people were too afraid to demand this equality in society, Robin Hood's bravery to go in and fight for what he stood for was admired among the people. This is how he was presented the hero title, and why ballads and playwrights are told about him to this day. Robin Hood's strategy to better the society became a success. By stealing from the rich, to give to the poor, he not only set an example for people to follow his role as a hero, but it also created a balance within the social classes. But today, taxes are distributed among the the country that are arguably fair. In Robin's time, the wealthy placed harsh and unfair taxes among the people, many of them who could not afford to pay them. Failure to pay these taxes resulted in imprisonment, or even worse, death.

How Is Miss Ruddock’s Terrible Loneliness Conveyed In Alan Bennett’s Es

How Is Miss Ruddock’s Terrible Loneliness Conveyed In Alan Bennett’s A Lady Of Letters? Miss Irene Ruddock is an ordinary middle-aged woman who lives on her own. She was close to her mother who had recently passed away. Miss Ruddock has no real friends and finds it difficult to fill her time so she is often sitting in her chair, looking out of her window and noting what is going on in other people’s lives. She has no social life and she only leaves the house when she has to. Alan Bennett shows Miss Ruddock’s loneliness through her obsession of writing letters. She uses these letters as a way of communicating with the world outside her home. In the drama, before going to prison, we do not hear Miss Ruddock have a meaningful conversation with anyone other than her doctor, who she is talking to, not about her own health, but about her neighbour’s child, who she feels is being neglected. This shows that she is lonely because she has no close family or friends around her who she can talk to so she think that by writing letters she is helping the people around her and making herself feel useful. In the monologue Miss Ruddock writes letters to a wide range of people. All of the letters have one thing is common, which is that they are all letters of complaint. She goes to the funeral of somebody she barely knew and complained to the funeral directors about ‘grown men sulking in the rhododendrons with tab ends in their mouths’. She also, after a trip to London, wrote to the Queen to complain about some dog poo in front of Buckingham Palace. This tells the viewers that she is lonely because she will talk about the smallest things if it means she will be communicating with somebody. Miss Ruddock also replies to ... ... things with which to occupy her time. ‘I am that busy †¦ I’ve opted for bookbinding and dressmaking’. With these things she has had no time with which to write letters and she has nothing to complain about. The viewer also knows she is lonely as her last words in the monologue are ‘I am so happy.’ For most people prison is the worst time of their lives but prison gave Miss Ruddock a new license of life and now she has so little time for herself and feels so wanted and needed she loves life. I think that when Miss Ruddock is released from prison she will not continue to write letters. I think that, for most people the story had a sad ending, but Miss Ruddock learned a lot from prison, it helped her to overcome her ‘terrible loneliness’ by making her feel she had a purpose. It also taught her how to communicate with people orally, and how to make friends.

Export Strategy Information Document

The aim of this assignment is to demonstrate knowledge of the information and data needed to formulate an export strategy. This will be achieved by way of addressing the following: 1. What is meant by the ‘business and market environment’ of a target market? What kind of information would an exporter need to collect? 2. What is meant by the concepts ‘market segmentation’ and distribution channels’? What kind of information would an exporter need to collect? 3. What are the financial issues, export practicalities and technicalities that an exporter would need to know about to in the context of developing an export strategy?Business and market environment of a target market Exporting is a more difficult business task than importing (Weiss 2008). It is a challenge exacerbated by the global economic recession, remarkable growth and emerging economic might of China and India and the increasing pace of globalisation (Albaum and Duerr 2011). Although technol ogical advances such as the Internet have made it possible for even the smallest businesses to sell their products and services around the world with relative ease (Albaum and Duerr 2011), there is still a need for a clearly thought out export strategy.A nucleus of business activity, this master plan is like a satellite navigation system stating the destination of the business and the route it should take to get there. Weiss (2008) believes exporters need to know as much about target export markets as possible before any business transaction takes place. This information, he argues, should be based on a critical evaluation of the target market and tailored to the relevant product to be exported as part of a ‘market-entry plan including an initial marketing mix’ (Weiss 2008, p101).What he is referring to is essentially a blueprint of the business and market environment of the target market. The importance of understanding the business and market environment of the target market, namely, the political, ‘legal, regulatory, financial and institutional systems’ are critical factors in determining success in the export sector (Commander and Svejnar 2011, p309). This can give crucial insights into the levels of corruption, number of regulations, taxation laws, business licensing and macroeconomic policies (Commander and Svejnar 2011).Although target market studies tend to be product dependent, knowledge of local customers’ culture, hopes, language, predilection, buying capability, and the country’s international standards, state of development, infrastructure, transportation and environmental concerns are important considerations when formulating an export strategy. Furthermore, Commander and Svejnar (2011) stress the significance of indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), human capital and social factors such as health care expenditure and tertiary school enrolment.The inference here is that a more highly educated wor kforce may perform better and reduced costs of any necessary training and healthier workers may take less sick leave. In ensuring that a full picture of the target market is obtained, Cadogan et al. (2012) argue that attention should be paid to data other than from the target market and there needs to be more flexibility in export market oriented behaviour. Kalafsky (2009) believes personal relationships can prove influential in some target markets. For example, ‘face-to-face contact is important in the Chinese market’ (Kalafsky 2009, p47).In an adaptation of Porter’s (1979) Five Forces framework, it could be argued that exporters should take into account rivalry among competitors, threat of potential entry into target market, bargaining power of supplier, negotiating capability of buyers and threats of substitutes. Notwithstanding this, factors such as tariffs and non-tariff regulations, quotas, maturity of market, its structure and rival products are also of si gnificance. In this way a heterogeneous range of perspectives of the business and market environment would give impetus to the export strategy. Market segmentationMarket segmentation is where companies establish ‘segments of demand’, ‘target specific segments’ and ‘develop specific marketing ‘mixes’ for each targeted market segment’ (Hunt and Arnett 2004, p7). According to McDonald and Dunbar (2010, p9) it is an ‘alternative to product differentiation’ – the ‘process of splitting customers, or potential customers, in a market into different groups, or segments’. A crucial factor in McDonald and Dunbar’s (2010) definition is the emphasis on customers, who they are argue, are no longer content to play a secondary role, but are more market savvy and experienced enough to specify exactly what they require.Part of the reason for segmentation is that it can be used to divide large markets creating sectors that cater for geographic such as climate, area and location; demographic and socioeconomic like income, education, job, age, gender; family dimensions and house occupier status; behaviour relating to brand loyalty and psychographic in terms of attitude, lifestyle choices and values. Segmenting in such a way can ensure accurate and precise product and service placing. An important dimension of an export market strategy is to determine the segment of the market the company wishes to target.In this way a company will ascertain the potential buyers of its products in the target market, reasons for buying, situatedness of customers and any salient features. Bloom (2005) has argued that ineffective segmentation may lead to strategic marketing opportunities being overlooked and a firm not benefiting from a tactical campaign. Factors such as the proportion of the segment and its profitability are, therefore, crucial features of a marketing plan. Distribution channelsHow to operate distribution channels is of critical significance to the success or failure of an export business (Madsen, Moen and Hammervold 2012). This means making important judgements in utilising options such as the choice of foreign export firm to assume responsibility for the operation abroad. The locally recruited company would be charged with unearthing sales outlets, establishing its own export management, trading by way of local representatives, locating and using storage facilities and handle as decisions and setting up its own sales branch.The level of responsibility assigned to a distributor or agent is dependent on the number of product rights an exporter holds (Madsen, Moen and Hammervold 2012). This may include marketing roles like pricing and delivery strategies, communication and locating customers. However, it is worth noting that overburdening a distributor with too many tasks could make them less effective. Such is the significant role of the distributor that it is essential that good relations are maintained (Zhang, Cavusgil and Roath 2003). ‘Relationships between exporting firms and other members of the international distribution channelcan significantly impede or enhance performance in export markets’ ( Matear, Gray, Irving 2000, p539). With the likelihood of long distances between exporter and their distribution channel trust between parties will be a central feature of this relationship. Financial issues Financial assistance for exporters and investors may be obtained through government schemes, credit export agencies or other financial institutions. According to UK Trade and Investments (2013), such assistance may be available through insurance policies and guarantees on bank loans.This could also be in the form of bond support, overseas investment insurance, credit insurance and loan guarantees (UK Trade and Investment 2013). Notwithstanding this, due to high default risk and the required level of working capital associated with inte rnational trade export, businesses are more sensitive to financial shocks (Amiti and Weinstein 2011). Furthermore, exporters have a greater need for working-capital than those of domestic operating businesses, because of the longer time constraint experienced in international trade, especially when using the sea as the mode of transport (Amiti and Weinstein 2011).The global economic downturn since 2008 has led to export finance being a main casualty of the European Bank retrenchment and having a high dependency on large amounts for long periods has led to limited financial institutions being able to offer monetary assistance (O'Connell 2012). This undoubtedly have had a significant impact on international business operations, limiting trade opportunities and progression. To increase a business' prospect for successful exporting a systematic approach should be employed (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger 2008).The assessment of the potential markets (global market opportunity), organi sing for export, acquiring the necessary skills and competences and executing export strategies are of significant importance (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger 2008). Export practicalities and technicalities A precise understanding of the practicalities for exporting is vital. When exporting within the European Union (EU), for example, these include commercial documents, duties, charging and accounting for VAT, responsibility for trade statistics, sales list and intrastat (Enterprise Europe Network 2013).Even though there may be a slight differentiation when exporting outside the EU, there are necessary considerations such as new export system this permits exporters to make electronic declaration. Export licences is also vital. Johnson and Turner (2010) assert licensing reduces restrictions from the host countries regarding entering foreign markets. Further assistance and information on the practices and technicalities involved in exporting may be obtained from the market access da tabase and International Commerce Terms (Incoterms) (Enterprise Enterprise Network, 2013).

Data flow diagram Essay

Current state of Technology, statement of the major and minor problems, general and specific objectives, scope and limitation are introduced and discussed in this documentation’s chapter 1. Theoretical framework is stated in chapter 2. This chapter 2 is where methodologies including references and models used in developing Sales and Inventory System are discussed. Essential discussion and introduction for Prosight Eyecare Provider Sales and Inventory System are stated in chapter 3, as well as the diagram needed in developing effective and normalized database and the system itself. Eyecare Provider Inventory and Sales System is an inventory system and Sales System that small business transaction . This is to handle sales, purchasing and inventory management. It helps to organize customer purchase order, By using this, Prosight Eyecare Provider Inventory and Sales System, business can helps for less effort. It offers faster and quicker inventory management that counts the movement of stocks for all the accounts and transaction made. 1.2 Statement of the Problem. Develop module to return products include replacement for returned items automatically. To develop modules to void item need administrator for reduce to purchase an item. To develop modules to purchase item need type a product code for include a purchase order and it computes as well. To develop modules to received a purchase products for show of all purchase every invoice. Scope and Limitation The system is all about Prosight Eyecare Provider Sales and Inventory System. The scopes of the system are the following: Tracking of purchase order, receiving purchase order and return of products to supplier. All transaction will be recorded. Reports needed for the inventory can also be generated by the system. The system is capable of tracking and monitoring of stocks. Inventory will be automatically calculated for every transaction that may affect the inventory. Reorder point is also generated by the system. Purchase item it will be automatic put the inventory records The systems’ functionality will only be limited for the sales and inventory of Prosight Eyecare Provider. Accounting system of the business is not included in the system.

Controlling Pollution Through Taxation And Pollution Licenses Environmental Sciences Essay

It is presently really popular to recommend revenue enhancement and pollution licences as policy step to command pollution. However, both of these attacks bring with them significant troubles and, hence, should non be adopted † . How far do you hold with this statement? Let me get down by giving my ain definition of Environmental Management. Put merely, Environmental Management involves the development of schemes with the ultimate aim of modulating the impact of human activities ( those of industries and persons ) on the environment utilizing scientific discipline, policy and socio economic applications. It focuses on allowing engineering to germinate continuously while guaranting at the same clip that its inauspicious impact on natural ecosystems is increasingly limited or even eliminated ( where possible ) . The cardinal sentence here is â€Å" allowing engineering to germinate while guaranting at the same clip that its inauspicious impact on natural ecosystems is increasingly limited or even eliminated † . The environmental director appreciates the cardinal function that industries and their assorted engineerings play in the development of society and hence is non needfully against industrial activities. But he is besides cognizant of the effects and deduction of some of these engineerings on the environment: pollution. He hence is an advocator of the acceptance of environmentally friendly activities alongside economic and industrial activities. This is my attitude sing the topic of pollution control particularly in industries. The relevancy of this point will go clearer as one proceed in this topic of whether or non policy steps like revenue enhancement and pollution licenses be adopted. Taxs on pollution and pollution licences are pollution control steps which are aimed at industries, houses or companies whose activities pollute the environment. They are economic instruments whose underlining rule is that of cost internalisation, what is now known as the â€Å" Polluter Pays Principle † PPP adopted by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD ) in 1972 ( Turner, 1992 ) . The basic thought behind this rule is that pollution of the environment has a cost which can be translated to a market monetary value and this cost should be paid for merely like other goods and services. In this instance pollution includes any activity that involves the use or consequences in the debasement of environmental resources. So a production procedure which has for case involved the use or debasement of environmental resources should reflect the cost on the environment in its overall cost. More by and large, the market monetary value of a good or service shoul d include and therefore reflect the cost of that good or service on the environment. By puting monetary value tickets on the environment ( including its waste assimilation capacity ) issues like pollution can be integrated into the economic domain and defilers can be therefore made to internalize the cost for fouling the environment. In kernel, because the external societal costs of environmental pollution are paid by the polluting agent ( industries, in this instance ) this internalizes those outwardnesss into market determinations. As before stated pollution revenue enhancements and pollution licences are economic instruments which follow the Polluter Pays Principle, wherein defilers are made to pay for fouling. In the system of Pollution revenue enhancement which is called a Charge policy, houses are given the freedom to bring forth as much pollution as they want but are required to pay a certain charge per unit of pollution. While the system of Pollution licences besides called movable discharge license, involves belongings rights which consists of a license to breathe pollutants. Each license entitles its holders to breathe as much pollution as is specified in the right. So if for illustration a defiler has bought 20 licenses, the defiler will be entitled to dispatch a upper limit of 20 units of the designated type of wastewater within a defined period of clip. What is alone about pollution licenses is that it is designed to work in a more decentralised manner i.e. the licenses are movable, they can be bough t and sold among participators in the license market, at whatever monetary value is agreed upon by the participants themselves. In both instances defilers are allowed to foul at a certain monetary value. Possibly the first inquiry that would come to mind so is ; how can the cost of pollution be accurately determined? Particularly when you have to see the multiplied and associated effects environmental pollution incidents normally convey? Or sing that different pollutants come with different economical costs? No uncertainty the complex nature and workings of the environment makes happening a monetary value for environmental pollution rather a complicated undertaking. Be that as it may, a sensible attack would be to get at an estimation that considers the cost of redress, compensation costs and other associated costs. Although an empirical appraisal of the harm impacts and their pecuniary equivalents will be far from exact, it will at least give something to work with and this is what the defiler pays rule does. Furthermore in my ain sentiment, the more of import inquiry should be ; how effectual is this rule as a pollution control step? The Pollution of Surface Waters Act ( PSWA ) enacted by the Dutch authorities in 1970, which placed pollution charges on emanations into Dutch waterways is possibly one of the best arrows to the efficaciousness of this attack as a pollution control step ( Field, 2002 ) . The consequence of this policy was that Industry was forced to cut down its one-year organic emanation from 33.0 million PE in 1969 to 8.8 million PE in 1990. Pollution was reduced by 70 % in a infinite of 20 old ages. Quite effectual you will hold. By puting monetary value on pollution which once was free, industry was made to plan engineerings that produced less pollution. No 1 would hold thought that to be possible. The success of this policy-approach in the above mentioned instance is that Industry was motivated to develop better environmentally friendly practises without the governments holding to follow a command-and-control scheme. The Polluter Pays Principle therefore is an economic inducement based attack wh ich can efficaciously actuate industries to come up with better environmentally friendly practises. It acts as an inducement to introduce. With the debut of pollution charges houses will hold the inducement to seek for ways to cut down their pollution emanations, possibly by modifying their production procedure, altering fuel input or adding certain intervention installations. Interestingly economic theories tend to back up this thought in some ways. Economic theoretical accounts suggests that there is an optimal degree of pollution where the fringy cost of cut downing pollution is equal to the fringy cost of the harm caused by such pollution. Puting charges on pollution would at least make an inducement for houses to cut down their pollution to this degree. Figure 1 Cost-Benefit Model ( Turner, 1992 ) The above diagram shows cost and benefits of fouling for a house that has to pay pollution charges per unit pollution, but its activity or production procedure entails production of waste ( pollution ) . Q represents its degree of activity and W represents the attach toing waste ( pollution ) . Qa represents the point below which waste generated can be assimilated by the Earth, therefore doing pollution of impermanent consequence. Any activity beyond Qb will bring forth waste that is beyond the assimilative capacity of the Earth. The Fringy Net Polluting Benefit ( MNPB ) is the benefit derived from altering its degree of activity by one unit while the Marginal External Cost is the value of harm done by the pollution produced alongside the activity. By holding to pay charges on pollution the house will be forced to be given towards Qa as it will non desire to pay so much. But for pollution charges the house would progressively be given towards Qb and likely travel on fouling beyond th e assimilative capacity of the Earth Wb. For optimum operation it has to work at a point of minimal pollution cost and maximal benefit. This is the point where MNPB and MEC meet i.e point X, known as the economic optimal degree of pollution. In kernel therefore the PPP tends to checkmate houses from runing with high pollution degrees. In add-on pollution charges are non based on a zero emanation mark as this is non even executable. Harmonizing to the theoretical account, there are degrees at which pollution is really acceptable. The pollution control policy is determined around this â€Å" socially acceptable † degree and related ambient quality provinces. Puting a general monetary value for all pollution will efficaciously ensue in any mark for the entire burden from all houses being achieved at the lowest possible sum of wastewater costs. The deduction therefore is that it will be possible to accomplish pollution control ( really touchable control since it covers a big spectrum of participants ) utilizing this policy. And in add-on to accomplishing pollution limits the policy tends to counterbalance the public assistance that was lost due to the pollution. Possibly it is of import at this point to observe that pollution every bit far as economic sciences is concerned occurs when physical pollution has res ulted in loss of public assistance. In other words they pay harm costs in add-on to command costs. Lets non bury besides that the policy is a cost allotment rule that raises money for authorities. With this money authorities can advance greenish enterprises or more environmentally friendly engineerings ( and this is really cardinal to long term pollution decrease ) . Firms will by and large be forced to be more cautious in their activities as they know that they will be apt for any injury they might do. So why should n't the policy be adopted? Granted that there are some troubles and disadvantages with the policy but what is the overall cost compared with the overall benefit? There is the statement that portion of the pollution charges are pushed to clients who end up paying. In other words its non wholly the defiler who pays. Well, that ‘s true but we will hold to be reminded that pollution revenue enhancements really returns the market system to the Pareto efficiency so that although few may profit no 1 is worse off. Ordinary revenue enhancement tends to falsify the market and displacements it off from the Pareto solution but pollution revenue enhancement does the antonym. So its bad on one side but good on the other. It is true besides that monetary value may travel up with such policy and this will hold a negative consequence on the hapless but on the other manus that will be a good development for markets with more environmentally friendly merchandises as their merchandises will sell better. That being said I do ubt that competitory force per unit area will let houses to increase monetary value without believing twice. One existent trouble with this policy I will acknowledge is the issue of pollution for which there was no cognition of inauspicious impact at the clip of happening. Bing a pupil of environmental engineering and direction I am cognizant that the consequence of certain actions particularly those that trade with chemicals can take clip to be known. Take for case the instance of CFC ‘s whose inauspicious consequence where merely discovered old ages after their industry. Even the ardent conservationists will hold that it is unjust to keep histrions apt for pollution caused at the clip when injury was non recognized. This I agree is one really cardinal trouble with the policy. Another trouble would be accurate and right designation of the defiler since there can be complications. On the whole I do back up the acceptance of pollution licenses and pollution revenue enhancements where it is deemed executable. There is ground to believe that it is possible to cut down emanations to a degree that is acceptable for the environment. What is required is the motive. Up until late, houses had cultivated an attitude of being less concerned about the impact of their activities on the environment even when and where it was non needfully expensive to be more cautious. Economic instruments like pollution licenses and revenue enhancements will decidedly be utile in commanding pollution by obliging houses to be cautious about their activities.

Paul Watzlawick’s First Axiom Essay

Paul Watzlawick was an Austrian-born psychotherapist, psychoanalytic, sociologist and philosopher. He was best recognized for his venture in schizophrenia, as well as his communication theory regarding the five axioms. (Sack, Herald) His first axiom – â€Å"one cannot not communicate† – states that no matter how much a person tries not to communicate, there will some forms of communication going on. (Blanford, Roxanne) Watzlawick believed that every little behavior sends a message, regardless whether it’s intentional or otherwise. Therefore, all behavior has communicative value. When I first read about his theory, I honestly thought that it was unreasonable. Personally, I thought that sometimes unintentional actions do not mean that one is sending any form of communication. However, according to Kit Welchlin, a well-known public speaker, he states that â€Å"no matter what you say, or don’t say, people apply a meaning to it†. He gave an example of his observation on how the value of a co-worker from a marble factory was recognized by the messages that the manager sent through his actions. In addition, Eric Myers, founder and C. E. O. of Myers Business Diagnostics and Solutions LLC, said that people can make â€Å"judgment calls† to the non-verbal actions that the other is showing. â€Å"Words is only 7% of communication, body language 55%, and tone 38%†, Myers’ said at one of his talks. Another person who agreed to the theory is Dr. Amy Gaffney, an assistant professor from University of Kentucky. She believes that many people don’t always realize that anything that they do could â€Å"potentially be perceived as a form of communication†. She gave a simple example of how a student who’s nervously presenting in front would react to her â€Å"funny face† that she made because of the other noisy students behind her class. Besides the three influential speakers/researchers that I’ve mentioned above, there were also many other researchers whom have agreed at some point towards Watzlawick’s theory. So, I decided to conduct a personal experiment, with my brother as the subject of matter. I purposely picked him up late from his work place one day, and I observed his actions and behavior – which includes expressions, as he walked towards my car. I found out that although he did not mention that he was a bit irritated by my lateness, but his little fidgets and frowning of the eyebrows gave away. The findings of this experiment, combined with some additional researches, changed my perception towards Watzlawick’s theory. In short – I agree to Watzlawick’s First Axiom of â€Å"One Cannot Not Communicate†. Since every of our behavior may be perceived as a form of communication, there will be times where our behavior doesn’t actually convey the message that we want to convey. These are called â€Å"unintentional communication†. One very good example is when someone is deep in thought, and so happen the person’s eyes are facing your direction. You would start to wonder why the person is looking at you, but in actual fact, the person isn’t. A man who’s wearing a suit and drives a luxurious car doesn’t necessarily mean that he’s rich. But to the eyes of others, that person might be misperceived as rich. In a nutshell, Watzlawick’s theory of â€Å"One Cannot Not Communicate† is true, but to a certain extent, because not all behavior actually conveys the message that the person wants to convey.

Social Media Addiction Amongst University Students Research Paper

Social Media Addiction Amongst University Students - Research Paper Example Hence, the research question for this study is, â€Å"Which gender and age group is more addicted to social media and why?† Review of Literature Dryer (2010) reported that by March of 2010, there were 200 million blogs worldwide, 450 million Facebook accounts, 27 million tweets every 24 hours from Twitter and 1.2 billion views on You Tube every day. As of 2012, it was reported that almost 75% of teens and young adults are members of at least one social networking site (Thompson & Lougheed, 2012), and with Facebook users, 250 million log into the site daily (Facebook, 2011). Such astounding statistics show explosive social media has grown over a short period of time and is expected to relentlessly grow more in the future. Dryer (2010) notes: Social media, i.e., blogs, wikis, social networking sites like Facebook and LinkedIn, multimedia sharing sites like YouTube and Flickr, and social tagging sites like Digg and Yelp, represents a revolutionary shift in the way we communicate. Social media has democratized information and empowered ordinary citizens with the ability to organize, share information, and be heard like never before in our history. Social media is word of mouth on steroids and is beginning to morph from a fun and easy way to stay socially connected with friends into a dynamic and interactive way of doing business (p. 16). Berinstein (2011) contends that the obsession with social media is linked to people’s desperate need to feel good. She concludes that â€Å"social media has offered us a new way to anesthetize a deep-rooted feeling of lack: the more likes we get, the better we feel† (Bernstein, 2011, para. 1). What is addictive is actually the... This essay stresses that going back to the research question, â€Å"Which gender and age group is more addicted to social media and why?†, this research echoes results of past studies that women and younger university students in the age group of 17-21 years are more prone to social media addiction due to the more prolonged time they spend online. Young ladies derive much satisfaction and a boost in their self-esteem when friends like or comment on their posts, especially their photos. They also invest more emotions on their responses to friends’ posts, and are more emotionally distraught when they get disconnected from social media. The roller coaster of emotions they get from such social media sites make it more addictive to them as they continuously search for â€Å"highs† beyond the â€Å"lows† in emotions. In terms of age, younger people have a stronger need to establish human connections with their peers, so they use social media as an avenue to esta blish and nurture these relationships. This paper makes a conclusion that addiction to social media is more common than people think, and surprisingly, more acceptable by society. Living in the age of information and technology is bound to develop such addiction since being socially and intellectually stimulated is a natural preference of people. What needs to be developed to a greater degree is the awareness and self-control necessary in balancing time and effort to enjoy social media as well as live more fulfilled lives in the â€Å"real world† with one’s family and friends.

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 19

Case Study Example Carnival Cruise Lines had established an office in Boston that concentrated on advertising the fun aspects of the company’s cruise ships. However, the new advertisements will focus mainly on showcasing the safety precautions that the company has installed in its cruise ships for example, the fire safety technologies and a vacation program that grants one hundred and ten percent refund for disgruntled customers (Levere). This reassures the passengers that they are safe. The advertisement will also showcase the fun aspect of cruise by airing videos and photographs taken by former passengers and employees to display the experience on the cruise ships. They will also invite a number of celebrities who will discuss food and other family related topics (Levere). The new marketing strategy will attract new customer after considering the safety measures provided, hence assuring passengers a safe cruise. The segment focusing on the fun part of the cruise ship will help attract passengers as they will want to experience some of the moments that other passengers have experienced aboard the cruise ships (Levere). Levere, Jane. "Spot Shares Moments of Better Cruise Memories." The New York Times. Web. 13 Feb. 2014.

Contract Law Exam seen case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract Law Exam seen case study - Essay Example In order to get that loan, he made Sophia sign on a deed which gave the Bank legal charge over her house. In this case, Tim has an undue influence over Sophia. He stands in a superior position to her and as, according to the given facts, Sophia is expecting her first child and wants to marry Tim, he can persuade her to do anything he wants. Also, Tim is described to be of an aggressive nature. It can be easily construed that Sophia gave the guarantee without knowing the consequences and she did that to secure her future with Tim as he had given assurances to her. He told her that he could afford to marry her only if he could raise some money and became a partner in the firm. That was the sole reason that Sophia agreed with Tim but she was not aware of the subtleties of this transaction. The only advice that she got in respect of this transaction was from Tim. Tim had undue influence over her and his advice would be disregarded. In Yerkey v Jones, a husband procured a guarantee from h er wife against his creditor. It was held that such a guarantee was not valid. In a special set of circumstances, such a guarantee is invalidated, they are: a. A husband procures his wife’s guarantee to obtain a loan; b. The guarantee is not for the benefit of wife but of husband; c. There is a default in repayment by the husband; d. The creditor relies on the wife to get repaid; e. The creditor does not have sufficient reasons to believe that the wife’s consent was free. Sophia’s consent was not free. Tim is not her husband but his relation with her and the facts of the case are quite similar those of Yerkey v Jones. The transaction was for the sole benefit of Tim and had nothing in it for Sophia. Tim has left Sophia after having an affair. The Bank seeks to get possession of her house. There are no sufficient grounds for Trusty Bank to believe that Sophia understood the transaction and gave a free consent. It was obtained under undue influence and resulted in a voidable contract. As Sophia is looking to get out of the contract, it can be easily construed that the contract would become void. Sophia’s guarantee would be invalidated and Trusty Bank would not be able to get possession of her house. Tim is still liable to pay the loan and Trusty Bank has all the rights of a creditor against Tim. Against Deluxe Kitchens Ltd In a legally binding contract, the parties involved must perform their respective promises according to terms on which they agreed on. If any of the parties does not perform its promise correctly, the other party becomes entitled to sue for damages. The damages involve the amounts of losses that are caused directly due to the negligence or fault of the other party. In the given case, Sophia had contracted with Deluxe Kitchens Ltd to build and install some new fitted kitchen units to match existing units and new kitchen equipment for ?15,000. The work was not done as it was promised and Deluxe Kitchens Ltd were 4 week s late in doing their job. Also, their work was not satisfactory. Sophia hired them to install units that would match her kitchen and they did not. Furthermore, there were some errors in their working. In order to fix those errors, almost ?3000 would be required. Sophia was without a cooker and she was offered by Deluxe Kitchens Ltd that they would install her old cooker but she refused. Due to delay in getting a new cooker, she was unable to cater for her sister’

Transformational Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Transformational Leadership - Essay Example Some of the factors were the rapid changes in technology, an increase in the circulation of products from recently industrialized nations, increased competitiveness among the competitors, pricing strategy in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) being volatile, and changing market structures led to a strong, volatile and competitive atmosphere in which important changes in the organization were crucial. Downsizing and adopting of new types of business agreement were the most common changes carried out. Therefore these changes took their toll on employee empowerment and satisfaction. This broke the old social agreement that had long term employment and in exchange get the employee's loyalty (Griffin 2003, p. 1). Secondly, in the 1970s, we had the contingency theory on leadership. The theory on leadership was established in research of behaviors, character, and circumstances and did not account for several untypical features in leaders (Simic 1998, p. 50). These are the fact tendencies that led to the realization of the theory of transformation.Odom and Green (2003), based on research and the analysis of a number of legal cases, claim that when the concept of transformational leadership is used in ethical dilemmas that managers face there is less litigation and better moral results than if the transactional approach to values that is common was used. Within academic surroundings, as a result of transformational leadership, instructors are more likely to work together and are perceived.

Changes by Tupac Shakur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Changes by Tupac Shakur - Essay Example Grossman and DeGaetano in their book "Stop Teaching Our Kids to Kill: A Call to Action Against TV Movie and Video Game Violence" (1999) pursue this idea even further, as they prove that media not only conditions children and young adults to violent behavior, but also teaches them the "mechanics of killing". The adherents of this theory consider rap music to be one of the greatest threats for the soles and minds of young Americans. Jay Nordlinger in his article "'Bang': Guns, rap, and silence - violence in rap music" published in National Review (April 2001) claims that "gangsta" rappers glory in guns and gun violence in song after song after song." He, along with the other social activists tries to persuade the society that gun violence promulgated in the lyrics and videos of some rap singers is one of the main reasons for the children to bring guns to school and shoot their teachers and classmates. But it's obvious that rap music videos solely are incapable of creating this effect. Social conditions such as poverty, racial discrimination, substance abuse, inadequate schools, joblessness, and family conflict and dissolution contribute to an environment that fosters violence not just rap music videos. Some journalists and psychologists prove that rap videos are just one of the ways of "selling" rap culture. It's true, that for many of the rap singers their music is just the way to earn money and popularity, thus they fill their songs with the content that sells successfully. Unfortunately, there is always a demand for violence on our market. Before blaming rap music and videos for encouraging children and teenagers to commit violent acts, we should try to find out why is this music so popular among them. Why American teens and young adults, at list part of them, want to listen and watch songs, clips, and movies where people abuse, rape and kill each other Maybe something is wrong with our educational system, as it's unable to persuade the youth in the futility and danger of violence, to teach them that their goals can be achieved using other methods Or the problem lies within the society that cannot offer some of its young inexperienced members other sphere for actualizing their potential than that of crime and violence Typac Shakur, who's one of the most prominent rap singers, of our time made a great impact on part of our contemporaries. His texts expressed the opinions for all of those, who were underprivileged because of their race and financial state. This singer had himself grown up in a poor Afro-American family, thus he knew about the realities that were present in his songs. Lots of people say that Typac, together with other rap singers often overcharged the difficulties and severities the Afro-American poor have to experience, but, nevertheless, his songs became tremendously popular. A question arises here which's would his creativity have been so popular if he were lying in his songs Tupac's song Changes is one of his attempts to let the world see what is going on in the blocks were the poor Afro-Americans dwell. Most of us don't believe it until we see it by ourselves, as our

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 26

Marketing - Essay Example In the cut throat business of electronic goods, Sonic mission would be to capture the market segment that caters to the upcoming young executives who are looking for gizmos which are small enough to hold in their pockets but powerful enough to be used as computer, or phone or even as an entertainment device, as and when the need arises. Globalization has changed the dynamic of the business and today the professionals need to have all the information at their tip while following a hectic schedule. So the smaller the device which can pack such features, better are its chances of capturing this target group. PDAs from big companies like Hewlett Packard, Sony etc. have been in the market for the few years. Palm One, Blackberry etc. are PDAs that are well known. Over the years, these PDAs have evolved and new features have been incorporated. So Sonic 1000, would be competing with the companies whose PDAs, already have a market. Since the growing world economy has opened opportunities where new technology would be playing a very important role. Sonic, needs to come out with something which would be unique while having all the features of the currently popular PDAs, at no extra cost. After thorough analysis of the present market, the company proposes to give several value added services to its customers. The new Sonic 1000 would be a small hand held compact computer serving as a 3G camera phone with wi-fi features like Bluetooth, infra red technology thus facilitating easy internet connection. Sonic 1000 PDA would be equipped with a micro mini hard drive of 40 GB and USB connection that would make data handling easy, fast and efficient. 3G facility would enable video conferencing and the executives would be able to interact with their office and clients, while on the move. Looking at the vast potential for this type of gizmos, in the first year, the company proposes to sell 240,000

Benefits of a Restaurant Management System Assignment

Benefits of a Restaurant Management System - Assignment Example The RMS ensures that minimal time is taken to deliver a guest’s order. Guests dislike restaurants where it takes a lot of time to process an order. RMS will ensure that guests get their orders delivered on time, since the order system is automated (Connor 61). The system streamlines employees’ tasks thus saving time, which results in improved productivity. Better Reaction to TrendsThe RMS keeps track of sales and cost information by employee, time period, outlet, table and meal period among others. This way, the restaurant can easily identify any problems or areas affecting profitability and take the appropriate actions. This would not be easy to spot using a manual system.  Ã‚   Reduced Labor ExpensesThe RMS can take many orders at the same time without the risk of mix up, as would be in the case of a manual system. RMS reduces the need for excess paperwork which can be easily printed from the system. This reduces the number of employees on the payroll thus reducing labor expenses, which form a significant part of total expenses.   Reduced Late ChargesThe system ensures that the charges pertaining to foods and beverages are posted to a folio prior to check-out. A manual system would not efficiently post the charges resulting to late charges. An automated management system ensures that charges are posted on time and accurately, in addition to checking the status of the room or credit pertaining to a particular guest. It also reduces the time used to serve each guest resulting in better guest control.

Wildest Weather in the Solar System Essay Example for Free

Wildest Weather in the Solar System Essay On February 20 2012, me and my daughter went to the Gates Planetarium in Denver to see the showing of the Wildest Weather in the Solar System. The first thing we did was to walk around the Space Odyssey and explore some of the exhibit they had. Then we went to see the show which I must say was far more thrilling then I or my daughter could have imagined. When you first walk into the Space Odyssey you are amazed it almost looks as thought your walking on to a spaceship or what I would imagine it to be like. When you go thought the entrance you walk into a very long white tunnel with different colored lights all around you. The first exhibit we seen when we emerged from the tunnel was a very lager replica of the earth rotating around and also it look to be tilted my guess to represent the 23 1/2 tilt that the earth has. The next exhibit we seen was the recreation of the surface of mars or more specifically the Candor Chasma Canyons with 15,000 foot cliffs. The last exhibit we looked at before we had to go into the show was of a museum host talking about the Kuiper belt which is kind of like a asteroid belt but instead of being all rock, ice and metal the Kuiper belt is mostly frozen methane, ammonia and water. The wildest weather show was pretty amazing with the screen all around us creating a dome and every thing else being completely dark it make for a great experience me and my daughter shall not forget. First we travel to the sun and inside the core is a thermal nuclear fusion reactor creating energy which is transported to the surface where it becomes twisted in the powerful magnetic fields, the fields open up to allow burst of solar winds. Then we were off to Mercury who is in the path of the solar storms from the sun. The solar winds blast the atoms right off the planet creating a tail of particles stretching a million and a half km into space. Then we went on with are journey of the solar system to Venus. Venus has high winds and toxic clouds of sulfuric acid. On its surface Venus is a oven because of green house gases that are trap from the thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide as a result the average temperature is 460 degrees Celsius making it the hottest planet in the solar system. The last planet I’m going to tell you about that we visited is Mars. Mars is a frozen desert coated in layers of dust. Mars weather can create dust devils from the warming of the sun the hot air rises meeting the cold air to make Martian dust devils that can reach 8 km high. Also at certain times the wind can lift giant clouds of dust off the surface engulfing the planet in a globe dust storm. In all I would just like to say that from all I learned about the different planets in are solar system I think we are very lucky to have a unique place like earth to call home.

Women and Marriage Essay Example for Free

Women and Marriage Essay Women are confusing, complicated, and they can stress you out sometimes. On the other hand, they can make your entire day better whether it is a smile, hug, or just to give you extra support in life. That brings up the topic of marriage and for what reasons women ever think of getting married. The word marriage can be misinterpreted, and thought about very differently depending on your culture. Marriage in the eyes of most Americans is to represent a legal way of which to express how much you love and care for your partner. Most Americans never realize that marriage in other cultures can be put in to play for much different reasons. One other form of marriage is called marriage of convenience which is a marriage or joint undertaking arranged for political, economic, or social benefit in which rather than to love each other you get married to gain more power. All things a side marriage in general takes much time, effort, and most importantly understanding. Marriage, if looked at without bias, most people conclude that women are the main targets in society for the fact that they lose much freedom, rights, and not to mention their dignity. Men, on the other hand, gain things from the experience and do not have to worry about losing anything. I know that seems like a very unfair statement for all the men out there, but not only have I done surveys to prove it but all men know the facts. In the past, women would hand over everything to their husbands once they got married in which they didn’t have much of a choice. If the women would not have gotten married they would have had to live with their parents until they did get married, rarely did women live on their own and if they did they had little to no rights. The husband would work in the fields and bring home the money; while the women (wife) with no say in the matter, would have to stay home watching the children, cooking, and cleaning. Women not only were mentally treated like slaves, but were physically enslaved; if the husband got angry and hit his wife, she would have no choice but to just take the beating. Also, in that matter if the husband wanted sex he could force his wife to have sex with no consequences for his inhumane actions. For this matter, in the past the men had full control and power over his wife in ways that if those actions were performed in the present times the husband would not only be ridiculed but punished several times for his ridiculous mindset. Women in time became more powerful and started to declare their independence from the current mindset of American men that tried to degrade women. Men always thought they were superior to women, but they never could have imagined that women would stand up demanding the same fairness as men throughout the entire United States. Women were not even able to vote or even make any decisions in life in the recent past. Men had all the power to make not only his own decisions but also make his wife’s’ decisions. During World War 1 when the men were fighting over seas the women took it upon themselves to go work in the factories to prove how much independence they really had. At that time women started to realize how great life could be making decisions and having dignity. After that period of time women started forcing America to change for the better and women started gaining extensive amounts of respect. Over time women started wanting equal rights throughout the United States so in time women started gaining rights including voting, working, and even having the right to live on their own. Many men thought that women were not capable of fulfilling the same duties as men but are slowly finding out that there philosophy is completely wrong. Over time men have been working in the same careers as women and even to this day gender problems still occur on a daily basis. In fact a huge change in gender stereotypes came when fathers would become a stay at home father as the women would work to support the household. The women of America have created a total revolution in the framework of our society. When women get married in present times they still lose some freedom, but much dignity is kept for the sake of womens’ fight in society through the years.

Victim Likelihood Age

Victim Likelihood Age Introduction: Studies indicate that the aged are more vulnerable to criminal activities, as compared to other age groups. This is because these people are socially isolated, always tend to live in rural areas, and have predictable behavioral patterns. The aged are also mentally and physically weak, and this is a great contribution to their visibility, making them vulnerable to crime (Fisher and Lab, 2010). Other scholars further denote that the elderly are vulnerable to crime, in circumstance when they leave their homes, and as a result, they are exposed to people who have a criminal intention. Contrary to the belief of many people, the aged are people who are least victimized when it comes to index crimes, as compared to other age groups (Rothman, 2000). However, the aged are always vulnerable to robbery, fraud, and purse snatching. On the other hand, older people, who are under the care of home facilities, are vulnerable to emotional and physical abuse (Payne, 2000). This is because family members might fail to visit them occasionally, or the staff of home care organizations might defraud them of their belongings. One of the major problems that old people suffer from is fear of crime. This problem is accelerated because of the various criminal reporting by the media, which always makes older people to have a perception that there exists higher rates of crime, while in the real sense, the crime rates are low (Fisher and Lab, 2010). Due to these perceptions in crime rates, and fear of crime amongst the elderly, the government is forced to fund studies on victimization, victim services, and prevention programs. Most prevention programs that the government always funds, includes neighborhood watches, public security education, external lighting, community policing, and home security services (Rothman, 2000). Vulnerability of the aged People: Physical Crime: Because of a decrease in physical ability, and an increase in physical frailty, the aged are always vulnerable to physical injuries (Fisher and Lab, 2010). It is based on this fact that the aged are vulnerable to the crime of purse snatching. The aged will be unable to follow after the purse snatcher, who is most likely to be a young person. This is because, the purse snatcher might have more speed, as compared to the aged, and chances are high that the aged might get injured in case they resist the robbery attempt, and this is mainly because they do not have the strength to fight back (Fisher and Lab, 2010). Other physical crimes that the elderly are vulnerable to includes, Rape Murder Home robbery/burglary Fraud or scams. Financial Crime The aged are always vulnerable to financial crimes, such as theft of their financial products. This normally occurs by people that the aged trust, or close family members. Other may be forced to create and sign a will, against their expectations and desires. The aged are vulnerable to these crimes, because they normally survive on a fixed income, which always does not reflect the rising standards of living (Fisher and Lab, 2010). Due to poor vision also, the aged are unable to read or write, and on this basis, they may rely on a close relative or friend, who might defraud them, in case they bare writing a will, a cheque, or seeking to buy a product whose value they are unaware of (Payne, 2000). Psychological Crime The aged are always vulnerable to abuses from those people who are in charge of caring for them (Payne, 2000). The aged are vulnerable to these abuses because they are always weak, and do not have money. The aged are also vulnerable to these abuses, because they are dependent on family members for financial and physical support. This dependency makes them vulnerable to these abuses (Payne, 2000). It is important to understand that statistics prove that the aged are always emotionally abused by their family members. It is important to denote that physical abuses will always lead to stress and depression amongst the elderly (Rothman, 2000). This is because they are unable to contain emotional and physical abuses, and hence return their mentality and psychology to a pre-stress level. Programs of protecting the aged: The Triad Program: The Triad program began in 1987, when senior members of the police force, national sheriffs, and retired members of the American association came together for purposes of discussing methods and means of preventing crime (Payne, 2000). A triad is formed, when the police department in a given locality agrees to cooperate with the elderly in combating and preventing the victimization of the aged population in the given locality. These three groups are engaged in sharing resources, and ideas that would help remove the fears of the elderly. They also provide training programs that help the elderly to acquire skills that can help them gain protection from criminals, and those seeking to exploit them (Payne, 2000). On this basis, a Triad program encompasses the police, the department of the sheriff, and the association of retired individuals (Rothman, 2000). It is important to denote that the main intention of the Triad system is to prevent crime, and offer assistance to the victims of crime, who are the aged. Community Awareness Programs Community awareness programs are aimed at creating a mutual relationship between law enforcement agencies and the surrounding communities. Under these programs, the community is responsible for providing information to law enforcement agencies, regarding any criminal activity that occurs within the locality (Fisher and Lab, 2010). The criminal activity under consideration is not only limited to a crime against the aged population. Law enforcement agencies on the other hand will train members of the community on how to protect themselves, against criminals. Community policing is under these programs, and this is because the police and the members of the community cooperate in crime prevention strategies (Fisher and Lab, 2010). It is also important to denote that the American Federal government has established a criterion whereby one police officer, is supposed to serve five hundred people. This is a criterion that most state governments meet, and hence it helps in effectively preventing crime, as well as apprehending people responsible for committing crimes against the aged (Rothman, 2000). Other Programs: Establishing neighborhood watches: This involves creating neighborhood groups, responsible for looking after the community, and reporting any signs of crime within the community (Fisher and Lab, 2010). Home Security Programs. Training the elderly on how to make their homes secure, and the measures they need to undertake for purposes of becoming secure. Vial for life programs: This is a program aimed at taking crucial information to emergency medical personnel, regarding the health status of the aged. Scams and Fraud programs: This is a program that informs the aged on the various scams, and frauding techniques. Conclusion: In conclusion, the aged are a very vulnerable group, and they require great protection by law enforcement agencies. These people are always unable to protect themselves, and this is because their physical bodies are always weak. It is important to understand that in as much as the aged are vulnerable to criminal activities, the actual rate of crimes targeting the aged is smaller as compared to the actual rates of crime targeting other age groups. However, despite a low crime rate targeting this age group, it is important for policy formulators to create a system that will effectively prevent crimes against the aged, and at the same time successfully prosecute criminals who are accused of committing crimes against these people. However, to achieve success in this issue, there is a need of the entire society involved in community policing, and collaborating with the police to identify criminals who pose a threat to the aged. References: Fisher, B., Lab, S. P. (2010). Encyclopedia of victimology and crime prevention. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications. Payne, B. K. (2000). Crime and elder abuse: an integrated perspective. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, Publish Rothman, M. B. (2000). Elders, crime, and the criminal justice system myth, perceptions, and reality in the 21st century. New York: Springer Pub..